Yes, although it wasn’t as widely known.

From the wiki on Communism:

One of the first uses of the word in its modern sense is in a letter sent by Victor d’Hupay to Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne around 1785, in which d’Hupay describes himself as an auteur communiste (“communist author”).[72] In 1793, Restif first used communisme to describe a social order based on egalitarianism and the common ownership of property.[73] Restif would go on to use the term frequently in his writing and was the first to describe communism as a form of government.[74]