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Joined 3 years ago
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Cake day: June 30th, 2023

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  • Yeah, this is really the answer. Over and over and over again, it’s clear that the policy of his regime has always been to “flood the zone”.

    Every single week, they do something unique and so heinous that it would have ended any prior administration. They can keep things from sticking by just continuing to do stuff like that and get popular focus on a new thing. The people that should be able to keep them accountable legally are similarly overwhelmed.

    Greenland was probably never a serious thing for the regime, it just had to serve a purpose of keeping their opponents busy. It’s the political equivalent of a gish gallop.


  • One thing that’s missing in this article is a good discussion of the soil. They mention that it’s bad and clay-ey, but that’s not really the case. This region formerly would have been either tall-grass prairie or burr oak savanna. Notably, this ecosystem creates perhaps the best and most fertile soil on the face of the earth.

    To create developments like the town mentioned in this article, this highly fertile soil would have been completely bulldozed down to the subsoil. All the real soil would have been piled up to places that slowly erode into the river systems, never to return.

    The highly fertile deep topsoil native to this region is spongy, which is hard to build on, especially in a place with a frost line that is relatively deep.







  • “Acer” is the genus name for maples.

    The way most beekeepers make money is not selling honey (or wax). The biggest money makers are actually selling bees (in a package, nucleus hive, or full hive), or selling queens (genetics of a queen dictate the temperament of the hive). This is not including the huge commercial beekeepers who make their money off of pollination contracts.

    This means that beekeepers are incentivized to get new people into the hobby, so beekeeping is very apprenticeship focused. Local clubs can put you in contact with someone while will be happy to show you the ropes (and give you a bunch of honey in exchange for the help).

    To get started learning, all you really need is a veil and gloves (about $50 new total), but you may be able to get used gear for way cheaper. When you start doing hive inspections on your own, you’ll need a hive tool, smoker, and probably a bee brush (also about $50 total new).

    If you want to get your own hives, the major costs are the bees themselves (which are way cheaper to buy through a club, like ~$100 last time i checked), and the boxes themselves, which can run a couple hundred for a hive. If you live somewhere with bears and/or skunks, you’ll want an electric fence, too. Usually, it’s better to have 2 hives, too, because if a hive dies in the winter, you can split the other hive and you are barely worse off.

    If you are handy and have the tools, you can build your own hives to save money. Also, you can capture wild bee swarms by leaving swarm traps around during the right time of the year.

    Lastly, there is specialized gear for harvesting honey, but usually you borrow it from a club.

    Tl;dr, you can go all in to start by yourself for like $700, but you can get started as an apprentice for like $50 (or honestly just borrowing gear for free).





  • Ignoring the fact that selling something fraudulently is automatically bad, I can think of a few reasons. First of all, they can’t make it identical. They can beat certain tests, but that’s why it’s a cat and mouse game.

    Second, even if it was 100% identical, there are still reasons to support the “real” thing. If I buy fake syrup, I’m probably getting something made from an industrial monocrop like sugar beets or corn grown far away. If I buy honey from a local beekeeper, I’m investing in more trees/flowers/etc. in my own area. I’m also investing against the widespread use of pesticides harming our whole ecosystem.



  • Just read the paper (well, skimmed is more honest). They cite 5 human trials. The first study was not blind, and it also did not show a difference between the control group and the treatment group. The “mini-review” author made it seem like there was an improvement to the honey group over the control, but this was not the case.

    The second study, I can’t access. The conditions were a bit more complicated, so I can’t fully assess, but the “mini-review” author notes that they were also treated with olive oil and corticosteroids. Also, the group sizes were tiny (11 people split into 3 groups), which makes me highly suspicious of any statistically relevant effects. There’s also no placebo.

    The third study seems legit from a quick skim. They placebo controlled with flavored corn syrup. At the end of the study, the treatment group does not have a significantly different symptom score than the placebo group. The fact that both groups improve is again misinterpreted by the “mini-review” author. In their defense, the authors of that third study really wordsmith their abstract to make it read that way.

    The forth and fifth study both show no improvement due to the treatment.

    So 4/5 studies show no improvement over control/placebo, and the 5th study i can’t read.

    I did find a randomized, controlled study on birch honey which seems good, and it shows an improvement over a regular honey control. That’s not in the minireview.

    Overall, if there’s 4 studies saying no, 1 saying yes, and 1 inconclusive, I’m going to take that as a no.


  • I’m not even close to the type of person where this strategy is an option, but the magic is in the stepped-up basis from what I understand.

    Let’s say an asset is purchased for $1 million, held until it’s worth $10 million, and used to secure a $5 million loan. If you sell the asset, you owe taxes on the $9 million capital gain. If you die, the asset’s value “steps up” to the new baseline of $10 million. Your heir could then sell it with no capital gains tax, and pay off the loan and pocket the rest. If they hold onto the asset, and it appreciates to $11 million, they would only owe taxes on the gain of $1 million, not $10 million.

    The whole scheme makes sense when it’s applied to a random farmer inheriting land from his parents: you dont want to force him to sell the land to pay capital gains. It makes a lot less sense when it’s someone inheriting stocks worth the GDP of a country.


  • From what I understand, they dont try to build syrup from scratch, it’s more that they cut the real thing with sugar and water. According to wikipedia, maple syrup is basically 2/3rds sugar and 1/3rd water, with about 1% “other”.

    If you added the right proportion of sugar and water to real stuff in a 50:50 ratio, I’d have a really hard time distinguishing that from the natural variation in taste strength.

    Luckily I have a steady supply from people I trust. I can’t get enough of the stuff made over a wood fire.


  • I’m not making a moral statement on the rules. I was just pointing it out.

    Also I believe “Parmigiano Reggiano” is a trademark name (i.e., protected) in the US and other non-EU countries, but other versions of the name, like “parmesan” are not. In the EU, you cannot call cheese “parmesan” unless it’s parmigiano reggiano.

    Despite the fact that grana padano is widely available in the US, the style is still just referred to as “parmesan” even if it’s the notorious green cannister of pregrated “cheese”.


  • The problem with parm is that “fake parm” can just be literally the exact same product, but just made outside the borders of the legally defined region, or even made within the region with the same methods, but not under the control of “big cheese”. It can still be a high quality product.

    Counterfeit honey is a big problem. Honey is mostly glucose and fructose, which you can just buy. You can detect a lack of the pollen you’d expect in real honey, but that only makes it so that you can thin out real stuff. There’s other methods to detect it, but it’s on ongoing arms race. Buy honey from local beekeepers you trust, if you can. P.s., there idea that local honey helps with allergies is bunk because allergies are typically caused by windborne pollen, which bees dont collect.

    Maple syrup has similar issues.

    Seafood and truffles are commonly “fake”, as in substituted with cheaper stuff.

    Not “counterfeit”, but a similar problem in Mexico is that the cartels have gotten into the avocado industry.


  • Assuming you mean in the US, there is a national system called NICS that basically has the FBI run a background check. Some states have additional systems to augment that.

    The conditions that get you put into the “no” list are things like committing a felony, domestic violence, drug use, etc. Being committed (against their will) to a mental institution is on that list. A mental institution would have to report you with evidence to get you added to the list. Potentially, he could ask his psychiatrist to do that for him. It may not be an option, but if you brother is worried himself, that is good evidence, I think.

    When you buy a gun, you have to check boxes on a form to say you aren’t a felon, addicted to drugs, a fugitive, etc. They can check the felon and fugitive part, so if you lie, you get in big trouble. Drugs, though, they obviously dont have a list, so really it’s just a way to add penalties if they can later prove that you lied (e.g., hunter biden). You couldn’t just do a drug and automatically pop onto a list.