The GSM protocol was an actual standard enforced on operators across Europe, which is why back when mobile telephony took off, it very much exploded in Europe (in turn propelling companies such as Nokia and Ericcson) but was much slower to take of in the US were there were various private and competing mobile telephony protocols.
The vendors didn’t agree on anything on their own, they were forced to agree as part of the conditions of the various radio spectrum auctions all over Europe. The US then finally followed at around GSM v3.
You see a similar thing for USB - it’s an international standard and standardization around USB 3 and the USB-C connector it is being forced on vendors by the EU.
The GSM protocol was an actual standard enforced on operators across Europe, which is why back when mobile telephony took off, it very much exploded in Europe (in turn propelling companies such as Nokia and Ericcson) but was much slower to take of in the US were there were various private and competing mobile telephony protocols.
The vendors didn’t agree on anything on their own, they were forced to agree as part of the conditions of the various radio spectrum auctions all over Europe. The US then finally followed at around GSM v3.
You see a similar thing for USB - it’s an international standard and standardization around USB 3 and the USB-C connector it is being forced on vendors by the EU.